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Recently, at the hands-on workshop in the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Russian visitor Kosareva Kseniia leaned over her workstation, intently focused as she repeatedly polished a water-dampened jade stone with a file—wetting, wiping, grinding, and wiping again. Her rhythmic movements reflected quiet patience and dedication.
“These aren’t just handicrafts,” she said. “Through these physical objects, I want to tell my family the story of a World Heritage site.”
Foreign tourists experience jade making techniques in the experience workshop of Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
To mark China’s 20th annual Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, reporters visited three of Hangzhou’s UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites—West Lake, the Grand Canal (Hangzhou section), and the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins—to explore how the city is innovating in the protection, inheritance, and revitalization of its cultural heritage.
The Liangzhu culture serves as compelling evidence of over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. The core of this culture lies at the Liangzhu archaeological site in Hangzhou.
Where Did Liangzhu Come From?
The name “Liangzhu” means “a beautiful islet amid water.” The site was first discovered in 1936. On July 6, 2019, the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins were officially inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
A view of the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
“Extensive archaeological evidence clearly shows that Liangzhu had already developed into a civilized society as early as 5,300 years ago. It represents the earliest known state-level civilization in China, and also the earliest in East Asia,” said Chen Shoutian, Vice President and Secretary-General of the Zhejiang Provincial Association for the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics.
In international academic discourse, a society is typically considered a civilization only if it meets three criteria—evidence of writing, metallurgy, and urbanization—confirmed through archaeological excavation.
Foreign tourists visit Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Zhao Hui, former Dean of the School of Archaeology and Museology at Peking University, stated in an earlier interview that prior to the discovery of the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins, many Western scholars believed China’s earliest civilization emerged around 3,500 years ago during the Shang Dynasty.
Since the 1980s, however, a series of major archaeological discoveries—particularly those related to the Liangzhu city site and its surrounding hydraulic systems—culminating in its UNESCO World Heritage listing, have led the international academic community to change its views. Many globally renowned archaeologists now openly recognize that “the Liangzhu society had already entered the stage of early state civilization 5,300 years ago.”
The people of Liangzhu held jade in the highest esteem and used it extensively. As a result, archaeological excavations have uncovered large quantities of exquisite jade artifacts such as cong and bi.
Foreign tourists visit Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
“Only after trying it myself did I truly realize how advanced the jade craftsmanship of the Liangzhu people was 5,000 years ago,” said Zhao Zhao, a young visitor from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, as he polished a piece of jade. “Experiencing it near the archaeological site gives me a surreal sense of crafting side-by-side with our ancient ancestors across millennia.”
As one of the representative cultures in China's broader initiative to trace the origins of its civilization, Liangzhu is not only a cultural treasure of China, but also a shared legacy of all humanity.
Foreign tourists visit Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Today, the Liangzhu culture is being revitalized through ongoing innovation. Leveraging Zhejiang and Hangzhou’s strengths in the digital economy, efforts are underway to develop digital products based on the Liangzhu culture, enabling the world to truly “see and understand Liangzhu.”
“Profound heritage, exquisite relics.” At the Liangzhu Museum, the moment a visitor puts on AR glasses, virtual 3D artifacts spring to life in the palm of their hand, creating a mesmerizing fusion of antiquity and modernity.
With the smart integration of contemporary technology, distant history is no longer confined to cold text and static images—it becomes vivid, interactive, and engaging.
A view of the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
According to Wang Shu, Party Secretary and Director of the Liangzhu Ruins Administrative Committee, the local government has adhered to the principle of “protection first” while building the Liangzhu Ancient City Digital Experience Hall. This facility has launched a series of innovative programs such as virtual spring tours, livestream events, and online exhibitions, offering visitors fresh and engaging ways to deepen their understanding of Chinese civilization.
Meanwhile, in an effort to foster dialogue between Chinese civilization and other world civilizations—and to share the story of this “sacred cradle of civilization” with the global community—Liangzhu is actively building a “bring in and go out” international cooperation framework. Platforms such as the Liangzhu International Archaeological Center and China’s first national-level archaeological specimen warehouse dedicated to a key heritage site have since been established. (End)
譯文:
體驗(yàn)數(shù)字技術(shù)中的良渚文明 在杭州感受中華文化魅力
近日,在浙江杭州良渚古城遺址公園的體驗(yàn)工坊內(nèi),來(lái)自俄羅斯的安吉(Kosareva Kseniia)俯身在工作臺(tái)前,神情專(zhuān)注地拿銼刀在沾水的玉石上反復(fù)打磨,沾水、擦拭,再打磨、再擦拭,動(dòng)作在循環(huán)中透著耐心。
“這些不只是手工藝品?!卑布f(shuō),“我要把世界遺產(chǎn)的故事,借由這些實(shí)物講給家人聽(tīng)”。
時(shí)值中國(guó)第20個(gè)“文化和自然遺產(chǎn)日”,記者于近日走進(jìn)西湖文化景觀、中國(guó)大運(yùn)河(杭州段)、良渚古城遺址三大世界文化遺產(chǎn),了解杭州在文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、傳承與利用的創(chuàng)新路徑。
良渚文化是中國(guó)五千多年文明史的重要見(jiàn)證。位于杭州的良渚遺址是良渚文化的核心遺址。
良渚從哪來(lái)?
“良渚”意即“美麗的水中之洲”。良渚遺址,1936年首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)。2019年7月6日,良渚古城遺址成功列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
“大量考古學(xué)物證充分證明,早在距今5300年,良渚已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了文明社會(huì)。良渚文明是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的中華大地上最早的國(guó)家文明,也是東亞地區(qū)最早的文明。”浙江省文物保護(hù)利用協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)兼秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)陳壽田說(shuō)。
在國(guó)際語(yǔ)境中,只有經(jīng)過(guò)考古發(fā)掘?qū)嵶C具備“文字、金屬、城市”三要素的才夠得上“文明”。
北京大學(xué)考古文博學(xué)院原院長(zhǎng)趙輝此前受訪時(shí)表示,在良渚古城遺址被發(fā)現(xiàn)之前,很多西方學(xué)者認(rèn)為,中國(guó)最早的文明起源是距今3500年左右的商代。
20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),隨著良渚古城、良渚古城外圍水利工程等重大考古發(fā)現(xiàn),特別是良渚古城遺址申遺成功,國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)界改變了看法。眾多世界知名考古學(xué)家公開(kāi)承認(rèn)“5300年前的良渚社會(huì)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了早期國(guó)家文明階段”。
良渚先民推崇玉文化、大量使用玉器。為此,該遺址考古出土了玉琮、玉璧等大量精美文物。
“自己體驗(yàn)過(guò),才知道5000年前,良渚先民的制作工藝有多高超。”來(lái)自浙江紹興的青年趙昭邊打磨玉石邊感慨,“在遺址區(qū)附近體驗(yàn),有種穿越千年、與先民共制手工藝品的奇妙感覺(jué)”。
作為中華文明探源工程的代表性文化之一,良渚不僅是中國(guó)文明的瑰寶,也是全人類(lèi)共同的財(cái)富。
當(dāng)前,良渚文化正不斷創(chuàng)新活化,借力浙江和杭州的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)先發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì),研究良渚文化數(shù)字產(chǎn)品,讓世界能夠真正“看懂良渚、讀懂良渚”。
“底蘊(yùn)深厚,文物精美。”在良渚博物院內(nèi),戴上AR眼鏡的那一刻,虛擬3D文物瞬間躍然于安吉掌心之上,上演著一場(chǎng)古老與現(xiàn)代的奇妙邂逅。
得益于現(xiàn)代科技的巧妙融入,那些遙遠(yuǎn)的歷史不再是冰冷的文字與圖片,而是變得生動(dòng)可感、可觀可觸。
據(jù)杭州良渚遺址管理區(qū)黨工委書(shū)記、管委會(huì)主任王姝介紹,在“保護(hù)第一”的前提下,當(dāng)?shù)卮蛟炝肆间竟懦菙?shù)智體驗(yàn)館,開(kāi)展了“云春游”“云直播”“云展覽”等一系列活動(dòng),讓大家在新奇的體驗(yàn)中加深對(duì)中華文明的認(rèn)識(shí)。
與此同時(shí),為推動(dòng)中華文明與世界不同文明加強(qiáng)對(duì)話、增進(jìn)共識(shí),面向世界講好“文明圣地”故事,良渚還在著力構(gòu)建“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)走出去”國(guó)際合作機(jī)制,良渚國(guó)際考古中心、首個(gè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)地區(qū)考古標(biāo)本庫(kù)房等平臺(tái)相繼成立。(完)
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